Epic of Gilgamesh free essay sample

Like any story, epics are only as captivating as the actions of their main character. The development of an epic hero begins with the buildup and occurrence of an event that either triggers or happens due to the tragic flaw of the hero. In the Epic of Gilgamesh, the protagonist fills the classic example of a hero through some obvious and sometimes more subtle aspects of the story. Without a hero, there is no epic. Likewise, without Gilgamesh, there is no epic tale of his triumph. Through his changes in character and environment, Gilgamesh completes his compelling journey as an entirely changed person. I believe that person is a hero. In The Epic of Gilgamesh, Gilgamesh is a brute tyrant who rules the kingdom of Uruk with an iron fist. The epic states, â€Å"Gilgamesh does not leave a girl to her mother. The daughter of a warrior, bride of a young man† (Tablet I Line 57-58). Through out the large ajority of the text, Gilgamesh regards death with disdain and fear, unwilling to accept that mortality, in the literal sense, is inevitable; thus, leading to his eventual realization that there are nonconventional ways by which can achieve immortality. Gilgameshs fear of death becomes apparent when he and Enkidu begin their quest to kill Humbaba. Gilgamesh believes that their actions and achievements hold little wait in the world, that they are naught but a puff of wind, hardly consequential in nature (Gilgamesh, 93). Gilgameshs attitude towards mortality can be aptly characterized as one of antipathy. He sets little store in human life, and in what can be achieved whilst living; essentially, rejecting any importance in mortality as a whole. This is further exemplified in his reaction to the death of Enkidu. Enkidu, having been assigned the fate of an untimely death by the gods, as punishment for killing Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven, leaves Gilgamesh in a broken mental state. Gilgamesh becomes further driven by restlessness and apprehension as he realizes the inevitability of his mortality. He cannot seem to bear the idea of himself falling into the same lifeless fate as Enkidu (Gilgamesh, 158). It becomes clear that Gilgamesh takes a very literal stance in terms of what it means to be immortal. To him, being immortal is to live forever, avoiding death. He has yet to give thought to the fact that immortality may be achieved in a less literal sense. His desire for a tangible solution to avoid the eventuality of death seems to become consuming. He is no longer really living, and is essentially becoming obsessed with death, which is opposite of becoming immortal. Gilgameshs lack of vivacity for life is brought to light upon his encounter with Shiduri. She advises him on the importance of living life ully and Joyfully; underscoring, the good in the concept of mortality (Gilgamesh, 167-168). This is Gilgameshs first encounter with the idea of figurative immortality. Shidurs advice is particularly meaningful because it is the first introduction to a the concept of a timeless existence achieved by living a unhindered life though still bound by a time limit. This point in the text is a turning point as far as what the idea of immortality is characterized as. Ones accomplishments in their mortal life can serve as a testament to them; thus preserving their memory immortally This notion greatly differs from Gilgameshs initial assertion regarding his own mortality. Gilgameshs attitude towards mortality is drastically changed upon meeting Utnapishtam, Shiduri, and Urshanabi, all of who attest to the idea of preserving ones life fguratively through the establishment of a legacy. Utnapishtam relates the story of a great flood to Gilgamesh. He describes a scene of total desolation for humankind, only to be preserved by Utnapishtams creation of a boat (Gilgamesh, 183). Utnapishtam is granted immortality by Enlil for his achievement of preserving umankind. He further describes a gathering of the gods to applaud his service to the world, resulting in his granted immortality (Gilgamesh, 190). It is apparent that the reason the gods granted a godly status to Utnapishtam, a human, was because of his accomplishment of saving the human race. His great achievement lives on through each generation of humans after the flood. Each individual is a living breathing testament to Utnapishtams mortal life; thus, granting him figurative immortality. His literal immortality can be seen as a tool by which his legacy is further stablished and its importance further highlighted. Gilgamesh is now faced with an alternate explanation for what it means to become immortal. He sees that it does not necessarily result from living forever, especially if nothing is ever achieved over the timeless period. Preserving ones self by the establishment of a legacy is now a second option by which Gilgamesh can achieve immortality. His encounter with Utnapishtam is the precipice upon which is understanding of mortality rests. In the final pages of the text, Gilgamesh describes to Urushnabi, his boatsman, the great ite of Uruk in its entire splendor. His description of the magnificent walls, gardens, and the masterful skill characteristic of the city showcases one aspect of Gilgameshs legacy (Gilgamesh, 199). He finds that he is essentially immortal due to his meaningful contribution brought to light via his prosperous and thriving city. This realization is indicative of Gilgameshs changing perspective on death. The knowledge he has gained through out his Journey and the accomplishments he has made along the way are no longer regarded as mere puff of wind, as he would have haracterized them in the beginning of the text (Gilgamesh, 93). Gilgameshs change in attitude is accompanied by a transition in what he considered to be a meaningful contribution. Unlike Utnapishtams accomplishments, which were cunning and innovative, Gilgameshs initial achievements were less knowledge based and were more a showcase of his strength. Now, however, he shows a switch from brawn to brain. He has built a prosperous beautiful city, and brought back knowledge from before the flood time. His intellectual contributions are what will endure and build his legacy. His achievements bring together the concepts of mortality and immortality. One cannot be immortal without having been mortal first. The city and the wisdom Gilgamesh provides to the world are indicative of his mortal self, having only been achieved as a mortal, and not as a god, but are also exemplary of his achieved immortality through the legacy they provide. Overall, Gilgameshs encounter with Utnapishtam is the turning point in his perception for what characterizes immortality. His apprehensive outlook is swayed towards one of acceptance when faced with death. Gilgameshs fear is a perfect mirror for the fear of death experienced by most individuals; however, it is overcoming this fear enough to make meaningtul contributions and person achievements that will set apa rt the morta from the immortal. Gilgamesh, ultimately, achieves his desire for immortality through the legacy he leaves behind. The influence of Utnapishtam, underscored by the advice given by Shiduri, proves immensely influential is shaping Gilgameshs final perception of immortality. Immortality, if only in the figurative sense, is attainable through living a good and full mortal life.

Imc of Britannia free essay sample

Integrated Marketing communication plan for Britannia India [pic] For year ending, Dec. 2012 Britannia Industries- Britannia Industries Limited is an Indian company based in Kolkata that is famous for its Britannia and Tiger brands of biscuit, which are popular throughout the country. Britannia has an estimated 38% market share. The company is growing at a steady rate, and is currently profitable. Between 1998 and 2010, the companys sales grew at a compound annual rate of 16% against the market, and operating profits reached 18%. More recently, the company has been growing at 27% a year, compared to the industrys growth rate of 20%. At present, 90% of Britannia’s annual revenue of Rs 2,200 crore comes from biscuits. Britannia in 2010- †¢ Always committed to constant innovation, Britannia launched Britannia Healthy Start in Mumbai in January 2011. Specially designed with Indian tastes in mind, Healthy Start is a complete range of ready-to-cook breakfast mixes of Upmas, Pohas, Porridges and Oats that are healthy, delicious, and take just 5 minutes to cook! This is the only product range in its category that combines the natural nutrition of multi-grains, 100% real vegetables, pulses and nuts all in one pack. We will write a custom essay sample on Imc of Britannia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Britannia received the Most Respected Company Award 2011 Britannia Industries: Tempting the youth Britannia is bringing one of its oldest biscuit brands to the fore with an eye on the youth. After its new package colors and size, Britannia Bourbon has come out with a new tongue-in-cheek ad that, shorn of its product shots, would have made it hard to guess it is for a biscuit. Bourbon found a match with the youth who preferred the not-too-sweet taste of this chocolate biscuit. The Rs 120-crore brand has a 33 per cent market share in chocolate biscuits and is expected to post 15 per cent growth after the new campaign. â€Å"If earlier, we were not focused on the youth with Bourbon, then it was our fault that we were not talking to them. Our blind tests and research have told us that they love it,† The tagline, ‘Baahar se kuchh, andar se kuchh aur’, ties the surprising resourcefulness of youth with the biscuit’s characteristics of chocolate sandwiched between biscuits. Hoping to strengthen its appeal with the youth, which it couldn’t boast of until now, Britannia is pegging the brand as an anytime product that, for example, can be had on the go with a cup of coffee. Below the line activities include tie-ups with cafes and college fests and more distribution in departmental stores near colleges. Based in Bangalore Britannia Industries Ltd is reputed as being one of the top biscuit brands in India. The company was established way back in 1892 and till today has managed to maintain a distinctive position in the Indian biscuit industry specially with its most popular brand called Tiger. Britannia holds a 38% market share in the biscuit industry in India.

Characteristics of a Business Partnership free essay sample

A partnership is a voluntary association between the partners that is based on a contract. The life of a partnership is limited by agreement or by the death of incapacity of a partner. Normally, each partner can act as an agent of the others partners and commit the partnership to any contract within the apparent scope of its business. All partners in a general partnership are personally liable for all the debts of the partnership. Limited partnerships include one or more general partners plus one or more (limited) partners whose liabilities are limited to the amounts of their investments in the partnership. The risk of becoming a partner results in part from the fact that partnership characteristics include mutual agency and unlimited liability. The initial investment of partnership assets is recorded by debiting the assets contributed at the fair market value and crediting the partners’ capital accounts. A partnership’s profits or losses are allocated to the partners according to the terms of the partnership agreement. We will write a custom essay sample on Characteristics of a Business Partnership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The agreement may specify that each partner will receive a given fraction, or that the allocation of profits and losses will reflect salary allowances and/or interest allowances. When salary/ or interest allowances are granted, the residual profit or loss usually is allocated equally or on a stated fractional basis.When a new partner buys a partnership interest directly from one or more of the existing partners, the amount of cash paid from one partner to another does not affect the total recorded equity of the partnership. The recorded equity of the selling partner (s) is simply transferred to the capital account of the new partner. Alternatively, a new partner may purchase an equity interest in the partnership by investing additional asset in the partnership. When this occurs, part of the new partner’s investment may be credited as a bonus to the capital accounts of the existing partners. Also, to gain the participation of the new partner, the existing partners may give the new partner a bonus whereby portions of the existing partner’s capital balances are transferred to the new partner’s capital account.When a partnership is liquidated, losses and gains from selling the partnership assets are allocated to the partners according to the partnership profit – and – loss – sharing ratio. If a partner’s capital account has a deficit balance that the partner cannot pay, the others partners must share the deficit in their relative profit and loss sharing ratio.

10 Research Essay Topics on Celtic Christianity

10 Research Essay Topics on Celtic Christianity If you are tasked with writing a research essay on Celtic Christianity, you will need to substantiate your claims with facts. Below are some interesting facts you may want to include: Christianity is a religious force which has influenced Great Britain heavily, and the introduction of it to the Irish Celts had similar effect, the evidence of which is seen in mythology, archaeology, and Celtic beliefs which transformed from Pagan practices to Christian practices. Early Celtic people were referenced in the fourth century by Greek and Roman writers, who listed information about their social history during the early Middle Ages. Scholars like Aristotle, Plato, Livy, Lucan, and Polybius offer information on Celtic daily life activities, the food and drinks Celtic people consumed, the organization of the urban society and local rural society among Celtic people, the gender relations and class relations found among Celtic people, political and military history of the Celtic people, and the impact of their commerce. The Hallstatt period is the earliest Celtic culture, one which shows the arrival of the Celts in Britain. These Belgic tribes were attempting to run away from German and Roman expansion, which does present a certain irony given their succumbing to Roman Christianity later in life. During this time the Celtic world extended to southern Germany as it is geographically known today, Bohemia, and the Balkans. Their growth did not stop there, as their power soon moved to Turkey, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain, Britain, and Ireland. Because, in part, of their expansive geographic enterprise, they responded differently to historical and geographical circumstances in different areas. Some would rely on trade while other groups relied on farming. The focal point of their power began to shift thanks to the Alpine trade routes which led to the second Celtic historical phase referred to as the La Tà ©ne period. Both periods showed great artwork and civilization expansion. The Celtic people had complex and varied societies prior to the introduction of Celtic Christianity during the Early Middle Ages. Between Celtic groups the social customs and religions would vary, save for the order of pagan priests known as Druids, which were universally recognized throughout all Celtic villages. The Druids were the religious leaders among the Celtic communities prior to the introduction of Christianity and in fact, legend holds that when St. Patrick was sent to convert the Irish, he received magical strength and power from the Christian god to help him fight off the Druids who claimed to have their own unique connection to the Celtic gods. Among the Celtics, there were small units of people who were all tightly knit. Within the societies rule took place by warriors, in the form of warrior aristocrats or warrior kings and queens. The Celts were not known as a racial group, but were instead a linguistic group which means their language and culture were the single unit which distinguished them from among the other peoples in Europe and held them together as a society. Of course, language soon became one of two main factors holding the Celts together, with religion being the second. The decentralized society was still ruled over by the Druid order who would move from village to village the same as the missionaries. It was against the rules of the Celtic communities to attack a Druid. As they moved from village to village their job was to practice rituals and magic, to be an intermediary with the Celtic gods, to interpret sacrifices, to be a bard, and to function as a natural philosopher. It was taught by the Druids, the same as in Christianity, that there was life beyond a physical death, and that those who were brave warriors should not worry about their physical life on earth, because they would enjoy another one after death. It was because of this belief that they were fearless warriors whose bravery in battle garnered commentary in Roman and Greek historical records. It was also this which laid the foundation for the general acceptance of some aspects of Christianity, including that of a life after death, which was based on actions completed during the physical life. Early beliefs included sacrifices, with Druids controlling sacrifices from village to village and using banishment from said sacrifices as the most extreme punishment. Celts who were not allowed to participate in sacrifices were essentially cut off from the good favor of the gods, another aspect that laid a solid foundation for the later belief in the Christian God and Jesus. The Druids lost their control over the Celtic people in the 3rd century AD when the first signs of Christianity spread throughout Britain. The Council of Arles took place in A.D. 314 and it was because of this that British bishops allowed the new Roman religion to enter. When the Roman-British church collapsed during the 5th century, the spread of Christianity among the Celts was limited. At this point, the reach of Celtic Christianity could be found in Cornwall, Devon, Wales, and Cumbria. Following the defeat of Gaul, there is evidence that Celtic culture essentially vanished from the main parts of Europe. The far West areas of Europe saw the remainder of Celtic artwork. There also remained teachings about the Christian Celts. It was during the fifth century and for two centuries after, that St. Patrick worked to establish Christianity among the Celts. Following this endeavor, the Irish began to send missionaries themselves to try and convert other European peoples. The missionaries made it to the northern parts of Italy, to Iona, and to Switzerland. Written evidence for the introduction, rise, and spread of Celtic Christianity throughout Ireland began with a historical record from A.D. 431 wherein a message was written about a man being ordained by the Pope Celestine and then sent as the first bishop to the Irish Christians. From this, the community of Celtic Christians seemingly evolved as a result of having contact with the Celtic Church located in western Britain prior to the introduction of St. Patrick. Irish monasteries soon became the social locations for the education of Christianity and the arts. It was at locations including the monastery at Durrow, at Kells, and at Armagh that the Celtic Christian faith was able to prosper during the early Middle Ages. Viking invasions took place between A.D. 700 and 900 but in spite of these invasions, the Celtic civilization and their Christianity therein, continued as a powerful art form and center of learning among Europe. These were 10 facts on Celtic Christianity for a research essay. We hope they gave you a better idea of the topic. Insert them into your custom research paper in order to fortify it. Additionally don’t forget to check our 20 topics and a sample essay on Celtic Christianity as well as a research essay guide. References: Duncan, Anthony Douglas.  The Elements Of Celtic Christianity. Shaftesbury, Dorset: Element, 1997. Print. Kelly, Fergus, ed.  Audacht Morainn. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, 1976. Herbert, Mire, and Patrick K. Ford. Celtic Folklore And Christianity.  Bà ©aloideas  52 (1984): 163. Web. Herren, Michael W, and Shirley Ann Brown.  Christ In Celtic Christianity. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK: Boydell Press, 2002. Print. Joyce, Timothy J.  Celtic Christianity. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1998. Print. Lehane, Brendan.  Early Celtic Christianity. London: Continuum, 2005. Print. Mackey, James P.  An Introduction To Celtic Christianity. Edinburgh: T T Clark, 1989. Print. Marsh, William Parker, and Christopher Bamford.  Celtic Christianity. Great Barrington, Mass.: Lindisfarne Press, 1987. Print. Murphy, Gerard, ed.  Early Irish lyrics: eighth to twelfth century. Four Courts Pr Ltd, 1956. OMeara, John J. The Voyage of St Brendan: Journey to the Promised Land. (1978): 31.